The text likely had been somewhat modified by copyists. It contains scattered passages from the New Testament (including parts of the gospels and the Epistles), of the Old Testament ( Nehemiah), and some commentaries known as Skeireins. Codex Ambrosianus ( Milan) and the Codex Taurinensis ( Turin): Five parts, totaling 193 leaves.The syntax in particular is often copied directly from the Greek. Since it is a translation from Greek, the language of the Codex Argenteus is replete with borrowed Greek words and Greek usages. It contains a large portion of the four gospels. The best-preserved Gothic manuscript and dating from the sixth century, it was preserved and transmitted by northern Ostrogoths in modern-day Italy. Codex Argenteus ( Uppsala), including the Speyer fragment: 188 leaves.The translations, performed by several scholars, are collected in the following codices: He commissioned a translation of the Greek Bible into the Gothic language, of which roughly three-quarters of the New Testament and some fragments of the Old Testament have survived. The largest body of surviving documentation consists of various codices, mostly from the sixth century, copying the Bible translation that was commissioned by the Arian bishop Ulfilas (Wulfila, 311–382), leader of a community of Visigothic Christians in the Roman province of Moesia (modern-day Serbia, Bulgaria/ Romania).Most Gothic-language sources are translations or glosses of other languages (namely, Greek), so foreign linguistic elements most certainly influenced the texts. Only a few documents in Gothic survived, not enough to completely reconstruct the language. The existence of such early attested texts makes it a language of considerable interest in comparative linguistics. ![]() Lacking certain sound changes characteristic of Gothic, however, Crimean Gothic cannot be a lineal descendant of Bible Gothic. In particular, a language known as Crimean Gothic survived in the lower Danube area and in isolated mountain regions in Crimea. Gothic-seeming terms are found in manuscripts subsequent to this date, but these may or may not belong to the same language. The language survived as a domestic language in the Iberian peninsula (modern-day Spain and Portugal) as late as the eighth century. ![]() The language was in decline by the mid-sixth century, partly because of the military defeat of the Goths at the hands of the Franks, the elimination of the Goths in Italy, and geographic isolation (in Spain, the Gothic language lost its last and probably already declining function as a church language when the Visigoths converted from Arianism to Nicene Christianity in 589). The oldest documents in Gothic date back to the fourth century. It is the earliest Germanic language that is attested in any sizable texts, but it lacks any modern descendants. All others, including Burgundian and Vandalic, are known, if at all, only from proper names that survived in historical accounts, and from loanwords in other languages such as Portuguese, Spanish, and French.Īs a Germanic language, Gothic is a part of the Indo-European language family. It is known primarily from the Codex Argenteus, a 6th-century copy of a 4th-century Bible translation, and is the only East Germanic language with a sizeable text corpus. ![]() Gothic is an extinct East Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths.
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